美国国防部长劳埃德-奥斯汀三世（左）与国际战略研究所的约翰-奇普曼。在新加坡的会议上，奥斯汀主张在亚洲建立一个以美国为首、由装备精良的合作伙伴组成的安全网。 Vincent Thian/Associated PressSenior military officials from the United States and China used a conference in Singapore to push competing visions of Asia’s future security: a U.S.-led safety net of well-armed partnerships versus a region where China is the center of a new international order.
利用在新加坡举行的一次会议，美国和中国的高级军官就亚洲未来安全提出了不同的愿景——一个以美国为首、由装备精良的合作伙伴组成的安全网，抑或是一个以中国为新国际秩序中心的地区。
Defense Secretary Lloyd J. Austin III and officials from allied countries argued — implicitly or explicitly — that Russia’s invasion of Ukraine showed that Asia should urgently embrace a network of U.S.-led alliances to tame the growing might of China. On Sunday, the Chinese defense minister, Gen. Li Shangfu, methodically laid out criticisms of the United States and presented Beijing as a contrast in leadership, increasingly confident in using its political, economic and military power to keep Asia stable.
美国国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀三世和盟国的官员们或明示或暗示地表示，俄罗斯入侵乌克兰表明亚洲迫切需要接受一个由美国领导的联盟网络，以遏制日益强大的中国。周日，中国国防部长李尚福将军系统地对美国提出了批评，且表示与之相比北京将是一个截然不同的领导者，越来越有信心利用其政治、经济和军事力量来保持亚洲稳定。
“Certain countries willfully interfered in other countries’ internal matters and regional affairs, frequently resort to unilateral sanctions and armed coercion,” General Li said in an unmistakable reference to the United States and its allies. They “create chaos in a region and then walk away, leaving a mess behind,” he said. “We never want to let this be replicated in the Asia-Pacific.”
“有的国家肆意插手他国内政和地区事务，动辄单边制裁、武力胁迫，”李尚福说，他指的显然是美国及其盟友。他们“搞乱一个地区以后一走了之，留下一个烂摊子”，他说。“我们决不能让这样的事在亚太被复制。”
The Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore where Mr. Austin and General Li spoke is one of the few regular forums where Beijing and Washington try to publicly win over Asian policymakers and publics. And this year’s meeting, which included defense ministers from Ukraine, Britain, Germany and Canada, cast in sharp relief how the rivalry between the United States and China is becoming a contest over the future global geopolitical landscape: toward a resurgent American-dominated order with more active and engaged partners, or to one in which China leads, at least in Asia.
奥斯汀和李尚福是在新加坡香格里拉对话会上发表这些言论的，这是少数北京和华盛顿会试图公开争取亚洲各国决策者和公众的定期论坛之一。今年的会议上，来自乌克兰、英国、德国和加拿大的国防部长参加了会议，会议凸显出美中之间的竞争正在成为一场关于未来全球地缘政治格局的竞赛：是走向一个由美国主导、拥有更积极参与伙伴的复兴秩序，还是走向一个由中国领导的秩序，至少在亚洲是这样。
Hanging over their competing narratives was the war in Ukraine, along with the threat of conflict in Asia, where the risks of a volatile, unexpected collision between China and the United States appear to be rising. On Saturday, the United States’ Indo-Pacific Command said that an American naval destroyer, the U.S.S. Chung-Hoon, slowed to avoid a possible collision with a Chinese Navy ship that crossed in front of the Chung-Hoon as it passed through the strait between China and Taiwan.
笼罩在两国相冲突的叙述之上的，是乌克兰战争，以及亚洲冲突的威胁。在亚洲，中国和美国之间发生不稳定的意外冲突的风险似乎正在上升。周六，美国印度太平洋司令部表示，美国海军驱逐舰钟云号在通过中国大陆和台湾之间的海峡时，为了避免与一艘从其前方驶过的中国海军舰艇发生碰撞，放慢了速度。
中国国防部长李尚福提出以中国为中心的亚洲国际新秩序。 How Hwee Young/EPA, via ShutterstockGeneral Li downplayed the near miss, saying that the best way to avoid an accident was for countries outside the region, like the United States, to leave and “mind your own business.”
李尚福淡化了这次险情，他说，避免事故的最好办法是让该地区以外的国家离开，比如美国，“管好自己的军舰。”
Many European officials at the conference, however, argued that their governments should become more involved in Asia, to protect their economies, and that Asian countries should do more to support Ukraine.
然而，与会的许多欧洲官员认为自己国家的政府应该更多地参与亚洲事务，以保护自己的经济，而亚洲国家应该更多地支持乌克兰。
Josep Borrell Fontelles, a foreign affairs and security official with the European Union, called the war in Ukraine “a game changer” that had taught Europe “nothing is far away in a globalized world.” Security failures in one region “affect everyone, everywhere,” he said.
欧盟外交和安全事务官员何塞普·博雷尔·丰特莱斯称乌克兰战争“改变了游戏规则”，这场战争告诉欧洲“在全球化的世界里，没有什么是遥远的”。他说，一个地区的安全问题“影响到所有地方的所有人”。
As evidence, many European defense officials cited rising food prices worldwide caused by a stranglehold on grain exports from Ukraine.
作为证据，许多欧洲国防官员提到，乌克兰对粮食出口的限制导致全球食品价格上涨。
And they sought to portray Russia (which did not participate in the conference) as a near-term threat to Asia with an able navy operating north of Japan and a global program designed to sabotage undersea cables connecting the internet and energy supplies across the region.
他们还试图把俄罗斯（该国没有参加这次会议）描绘成亚洲的近期威胁，因为它有一支在日本以北活动的强大海军，并实施了一项旨在破坏该地区连接互联网的海底电缆和能源供应的全球计划。
“All of those capabilities are coming into the Pacific, and we should realize what that means for our vulnerabilities,” said Ben Wallace, Britain’s defense minister.
“所有这些军力都进入了太平洋，我们应该意识到这对我们的安全隐患会有怎样的影响，”英国国防大臣本·华莱士说。
China rejected the idea that Europe needed to play a bigger role in Asian security, describing it as a ploy by the United States to establish an Asian-Pacific version of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
中国不赞同欧洲需要在亚洲安全事务中发挥更大作用的想法，称这是美国为建立一个亚太版的北大西洋公约组织而采取的策略。
Speaking at the conference, China’s former ambassador to the United States Cui Tiankai said the “best thing” Europe could do for Asia was to “do nothing,” adding, “We don’t need an Asian NATO.”
前中国驻美大使崔天凯在会议上说，欧洲能为亚洲做的“最好的事情”就是“什么都不做”，还说，“我们不需要一个亚洲版的北约。”
2014年夏威夷，美国钟云号驱逐舰。周六，在中国和台湾之间的海峡，钟云号被迫减速以避免与前方穿过的中国海军舰艇发生碰撞。 Hugh Gentry/ReutersMr. Cui, who sat on a panel next to Ukraine’s defense minister, Oleksii Reznikov, urged Europe to learn from Asia’s “success” in maintaining regional peace and said China should learn from Europe’s “lack of success” by comparison.
在一场座谈会上，崔天凯坐在乌克兰国防部长奥列克西·雷兹尼科夫旁边，他敦促欧洲学习亚洲在维护地区和平方面的“经验”，并表示相比之下，中国应该从欧洲的“失败”中吸取教训。
It was a point that uniformed Chinese commanders made repeatedly: that, in Beijing’s view, the West’s efforts to encircle Russia had forced Moscow to go to war, and that any such strategy to contain China might provoke a similar outcome. As another Chinese official asked at the forum: “Have you ever thought that this way of containing itself is a problem, or is a kind of failure, proved by the war in Ukraine?”
这是中国军方将领反复强调的一点：在北京看来，西方对俄罗斯的包围迫使莫斯科参战，任何遏制中国的战略都可能引发类似的结果。正如另一位中国官员在论坛上提出的那样:“你们有没有想过，这种遏制本身就是问题，或者说是一种失败，乌克兰战争证明了这一点？”
But in a venue where Russia’s invasion was frequently described in the harshest terms, China’s continued support for Russia drew criticism as well. At the end of the session with Mr. Cui, Mr. Reznikov turned and spoke directly to the Chinese envoy about the shifting power dynamics between China and Russia. Unlike decades ago, he said, China is now the “older brother” and Russia the “younger brother.”
但在这样一个多方用最严厉的措辞谈及俄罗斯入侵的场合，中国对俄罗斯的持续支持也招致了批评。在与崔天凯的座谈结束时，雷兹尼科夫扭头直接向中国特使谈到了中俄之间不断变化的权力格局。他说，与几十年前不同，中国现在是“大哥”，俄罗斯是“小弟”。
“Would you say to the younger brother to stop invading Ukraine?” Mr. Reznikov said, drawing applause from the room.
“你们会对小弟说停止入侵乌克兰吗？”雷兹尼科夫说，这引起了全场的掌声。
Highlighting the divide between Western powers and many developing countries on the question of the war, Indonesia’s defense minister, Prabowo Subianto, proposed a peace plan in Ukraine that did not include the withdrawal of Russian forces. Instead, he called for a cease-fire, the establishment of a demilitarized zone and an eventual referendum in contested territories.
印度尼西亚国防部长普拉博沃·苏比安托在强调了西方大国与许多发展中国家在战争问题上的分歧后，提出了一项乌克兰和平计划，该计划不包含俄罗斯军队撤离。相反，他呼吁停火、建立非军事区并最终在有争议的领土上举行全民公投。
The proposal drew instant criticism from Western officials, as well as from Mr. Reznikov.
该提议立即招致了西方官员以及雷兹尼科夫的批评。
“I will try to be polite,” Mr. Reznikov said, adding, “It sounds like a Russian plan.”
“我会尽量保持礼貌，”雷兹尼科夫说，他还说，“但这听起来像是俄罗斯的计划。”
周五，乌克兰顿巴斯地区的乌克兰士兵。乌克兰战争一直是美国和中国之间的一个摩擦点。 Tyler Hicks/The New York TimesIan Chong, a political scientist at the National University of Singapore, said that many of the countries trying hardest to stay away from having to choose sides between the United States and China, such as Indonesia, may soon find themselves unable to influence the dynamic, as a growing number of countries outside the region seek to play a greater role.
新加坡国立大学政治学家庄嘉颖表示，例如印度尼西亚这样许多努力避免在美国和中国之间选边站的国家可能很快就会发现自己无法影响局势，因为越来越多该地区以外的国家在寻求发挥更大的作用。
“The problem is the world’s changing,” he said, adding, “That more passive attitude means they’re not a party to how it’s shaped.”
“问题在于世界正在发生变化，”他说，并且，“这种更被动的态度意味，他们无法参与到对世界的塑造中。”
And even countries that have toggled between leaning toward Washington and Beijing expressed skepticism about China’s promises.
甚至那些在华盛顿和北京之间摇摆不定的国家也对中国的承诺表示怀疑。
Filipino military officials highlighted the gap between Chinese pronouncements and its actual maneuvers — citing several recent cases of aggressive behavior by the Chinese Coast Guard, including harassment of fishing boats, in the exclusive economic zone of the Philippines.
菲律宾军方官员强调了中国的声明与中国实际行动之间的差距——提到了中国海岸警卫队最近在菲律宾专属经济区的几起侵犯行为，包括骚扰渔船。
“While China is talking about dialogue, China’s actions show confrontation,” said Commodore Jay Tarriela of the Philippines Coast Guard.
菲律宾海岸警卫队的杰·塔里埃拉准将说：“虽然中国说要对话，但他们的行动却显示出对抗。”
That wariness about China’s intentions and ambitions has spurred America’s allies in the region to strengthen their military ties with the West. Japan has led the way, announcing a few weeks ago that it was working toward the opening of a NATO liaison office in Tokyo.
对中国意图和野心的警惕促使美国在该地区的盟友加强了与西方的军事关系。日本率先采取行动，几周前宣布正在努力争取在东京开设北约联络处。
While Chinese officials were quick to describe such efforts as futile and dangerous, Yasukazu Hamada, Japan’s defense minister, stressed that linkages across countries and regions were “not about fighting.”
虽然中国官员很快将此类努力描述为徒劳和危险，但日本防卫大臣滨田靖一强调，国家和地区之间的联系“不是为了打仗”。
“Even when we expand military capability, diplomacy is more important,” he said.
“即使我们扩大军事能力，外交仍然更重要，”他说。
It was one of several veiled references to China’s refusal to respond to requests from the United States for direct talks between the two countries’ senior military officials.
这是在隐晦地提及中国拒绝回应美国要求两国高级军事官员直接会谈的提议，像这样的影射在讲话中多次出现。
General Li, who has a background in aerospace engineering, was thought to be less strident than his peers in the People’s Liberation Army, and his attendance in Singapore had been taken by some as a sign that China wanted to strike a more amicable tone at the forum.
相较于在人民解放军的同僚们，航空航天工程出身的李尚福被认为态度相对温和，一些人认为从他出席新加坡会议这一点可以看出中国希望在论坛上表现出更友好的姿态。
Still, General Li did not meet with Mr. Austin, only briefly shaking hands at a dinner on Friday night. On Sunday, he warned that China would not flinch in defending its rights and interests by quoting the words of a song:
不过，李尚福并未与奥斯汀会面，两人只是在周五晚上的一次晚宴上短暂握手。周日，他引用一句歌词警告说，中国不会在捍卫自己的权益方面退缩：
“When friends visit, bring out the fine wine. When jackals and wolves visit, bring out the shotgun.”
“朋友来了有美酒，豺狼来了有猎枪。”
Damien Cave是时报澳大利亚悉尼分社社长。他此前曾在墨西哥城、哈瓦那、贝鲁特和巴格达报道新闻。自2004年加入《纽约时报》以来，他还担任过国内新闻副主编、迈阿密分社社长和纽约市记者。欢迎在Twitter上关注他：@damiencave。
David Pierson报道中国外交政策和中国与世界的经济与文化交互。欢迎在Twitter上关注他：@dhpierson。
储百亮(Chris Buckley)是《纽约时报》首席中国记者。他成长于澳大利亚悉尼，在过去30年中的大部分时间内居住在中国。在2012年加入《纽约时报》之前，他是路透社的一名记者。欢迎在Twitter上关注他：@ChuBailiang。
翻译：纽约时报中文网
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