「中英」“准备撤离”：首尔误发紧急疏散警报引发民众愤怒

周三，人们在首尔火车站观看使用了朝鲜领导人金正恩的资料画面的新闻报道。 Jung Yeon-Je/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
SEOUL — The emergency siren began wailing at 6:32 a.m. Several minutes later, personal cellphones around Seoul were screeching with a government alert urging residents to “prepare to evacuate,” children and the old and weak first.
首尔——紧急警报在早上6点32分响起。几分钟后，首尔市民的手机上响起政府警报，敦促居民“准备撤离”，儿童和老弱者优先。
For a half an hour on Wednesday morning, confusion and panic swept across this city of 10 million as news spread that North Korea had fired a rocket. Then, the next wave of messages hit: The South’s home ministry issued a notice saying the earlier alert was a “false alarm.”
周三早上的半个小时里，随着朝鲜发射火箭的消息传开，这座拥有1000万人口的城市被混乱和恐慌席卷。接着又发送了一波消息：韩国内政部发布通知称，早先的警报是“误报”。
Anxiety soon turned into anger and exasperation.
焦虑很快变成了愤怒和恼火。
“They messed up big time,” said Lee Jae, an office worker in Seoul who woke up to the sirens.
“他们这次真的搞砸了，”在警报声中醒来的首尔上班族李哉（音）说。
South Koreans, who have grown inured to North Korea’s frequent provocations, were met with a disturbing taste of how their country might respond to a major military attack on Wednesday when their government caused confusion with its public alert system at a time of heightened tension in the region.
韩国人已经习惯了朝鲜的频繁挑衅，然而他们的国家在周三应对重大军事袭击的方式令他们感到不安，在朝鲜半岛紧张局势加剧之际，他们的政府在使用公共警报系统时造成了混乱。
The confusion began after North Korea launched a rocket from the northwestern tip of the Korean Peninsula at 6:27 a.m. For days, the North had told the world that it was preparing to launch a rocket that would carry a homegrown military spy satellite into orbit, despite the action violating multiple United Nations Security Council resolutions.
混乱始于早上6点27分，朝鲜从半岛西北端发射了一枚火箭。几天来，朝鲜一直向世界宣称它正准备发射一枚火箭，将携带一颗自主研发的军事间谍卫星进入轨道，尽管此举将违反多项联合国安理会决议。韩国国防部发布的一张照片显示，周三，韩国军方捞起一个被认为来自朝鲜间谍卫星的物体。 South Korean Defense Ministry
Data the North had released on the rocket’s preprogrammed trajectory showed that it would fly south, over the sea between the Korean Peninsula and China, and over the waters east of the Philippines.
朝鲜发布的火箭预设轨迹数据显示，它将向南飞行，飞越朝鲜半岛和中国之间以及菲律宾以东海域。
It is rare for a North Korean projectile to fly to the south. In 2016, when a North Korean rocket carrying a satellite flew on a southbound trajectory, South Korea issued an alert on Baekryeongdo, an island near the northwestern border with the North.
朝鲜的火箭很少向南飞。2016年，一枚载有卫星的朝鲜火箭沿着向南的轨迹飞行时，韩国向靠近朝鲜西北边界的白翎岛发出了警报。
Two minutes after the liftoff on Wednesday, South Korea issued a similar alert on Baekryeongdo, but officials were investigating why the same alert was also issued to Seoul, even though the rocket flew hundreds of kilometers west of the city.
周三，当火箭升空两分钟后，韩国对白翎岛发出了类似的警报，但官员们正在调查为什么同样的警报也发送给了首尔，尽管火箭将只是从该市以西数百公里处飞过。
After issuing the alert on Baekryeongdo, the home ministry left it to regional governments to decide whether to follow suit, according the Seoul city government. Officials in Seoul said they decided to issue an alert in the city as a precaution, even if they had to retract it. The mayor of Seoul later issued a public apology.
据首尔市政府称，在对白翎岛发出警报后，内政部让地方政府自行决定是否发出警报。首尔的官员表示，他们决定在该市发布警报以防万一，即便最终不得不撤回警报。首尔市长随后公开道歉。
For Chung Sung-hee, 62, the confusing response was infuriating. Ms. Chung said she was preparing breakfast at her home in central Seoul when she heard the phone alert, followed by a loudspeaker broadcast. When she opened the window and trained her ears, all she could make out was that it was “a real situation,” not a drill.
对于62岁的郑成熙（音）来说，这种令人困惑的反应让他很恼火。郑成熙说，她正在首尔市中心的家中准备早餐时听到手机警报，接着是扩音器广播。当她打开窗户认真听时，她只听到这是“真实情况”，而不是演习。
“They should’ve said what was happening, and where to go,” Ms. Chung said. “Who would evacuate with a message like that?” When she got the second alert saying it was a false alarm, Ms. Chung said she couldn’t help but curse the authorities.
“他们应该说出发生了什么，以及去哪里，”郑成熙说。“谁会发这样的信息撤离？”当她收到第二次警报说这是一场虚惊时，郑成熙说她忍不住咒骂当局。标明首尔地铁站为避难所的标志。 Lam Yik Fei for The New York Times
“I blurted out, ‘These crazies — isn’t there one thing they can do right?’” she said. “The government should tell you, ‘this is the situation.’ If they out of nowhere just say ‘evacuate,’ what’s anyone to do?”
“我脱口而出，’这些疯子——难道就没有一件事他们可以做对吗？’”她说。“政府应该告诉你，‘现在有这样一个情况。’只是没头没脑地说‘撤离’，谁知道怎么做？”
South Koreans harbor deep skepticism over their government’s ability to handle major disasters. The government of President Yoon Suk Yeol was widely accused of failing to prevent or respond quickly enough to the deadly crowd crush in Seoul that killed nearly 160 people in October.
韩国人对政府处理重大灾难的能力深表怀疑。尹锡悦政府被广泛指责未能防止或迅速应对10月在首尔造成近160人死亡的致命踩踏事件。
Critics say that the response on Wednesday was symptomatic of an administration that has championed a tough stance against North Korea yet failed to assure the public of its safety amid the North’s growing nuclear threat.
批评人士说，周三的回应反映出政府的问题，政府一直主张对朝鲜采取强硬立场，但在朝鲜核威胁日益加剧的情况下未能向公众保证他们的安全。
“It’s right for the Yoon government to have a sense of crisis with North Korea,” said Ahn Byong-jin, a political scientist at Kyung Hee University in Seoul. “But there has been little training for the general public on how to live with it. The commotion we had this morning encapsulates how the government is failing to understand and respond to this new normal with North Korea.”
“尹锡悦政府在朝鲜问题上有危机感是正确的，”首尔庆熙大学政治学家安炳进说。“但在让公众接受这种危机感方面，没有进行什么训练。今天上午的混乱充分体现政府未能理解和应对朝鲜的这种新常态。”
Min Yun-geun, a college student in Seoul, feared that false alarms, if repeated, might desensitize people to actual emergencies. “I’m realizing how we are actually not so prepared for war,” he said.
首尔大学生闵允根（音）担心，如果多次发出错误警报，可能会使人们对真正的紧急情况不敏感。“我意识到我们实际上并没有为战争做好准备，”他说。朝鲜中央通讯社的一张照片显示，金正恩本月早些时候在朝鲜查看军事侦察卫星。 Korean Central News Agency
Mr. Yoon’s office condemned the North’s rocket launch as a “grave provocation,” calling it a long-range missile test disguised as a satellite launch.
尹锡悦的办公室谴责朝鲜的火箭发射是“严重挑衅”，称这是伪装成卫星发射的远程导弹试验。
North Korea confirmed that the launch had failed and that the projectile had tumbled into the sea west of the Korean Peninsula after its second-stage vehicle malfunctioned. The country vowed to schedule another launch as soon as possible. South Korea was collecting debris to glean clues about the North’s rocket technology.
朝鲜证实发射失败，在其二级火箭发生故障后坠入朝鲜半岛西部海域。该国誓言将在不久后计划再次发射。韩国正在打捞残片以收集有关朝鲜火箭技术的线索。
By launching a rocket toward the south and attempting to place a military spy satellite into orbit, the North was escalating its nuclear threat, said Lee Byong-chul, a researcher on nuclear policy at the Institute for Far Eastern Studies at Kyungnam University in Seoul.
首尔庆南大学远东研究所核政策研究员李炳哲（音）表示，朝鲜正在通过向南发射火箭并试图将军事间谍卫星送入轨道来升级其核威胁。
“North Korea has already shown that its missiles are powerful enough to fly the distances it wanted, but what it lacks is an ability to guide them to targets with precision,” Mr. Lee said. “Military spy satellites can help provide the North with that capability.”
“朝鲜已经表明其导弹的能力足以到达它想要的距离，但它缺乏的是将导弹精确引导至目标的能力，”李炳哲说。“军事间谍卫星可以有助于为朝鲜提供这种能力。”
Though some were frustrated by the South Korean government’s response to the launch, others said they would rather have officials err on the side of caution in such situations. “It’s better that they did it and get chewed out than not doing anything and getting chewed out,” said Lee Jae-hee, 45.
尽管一些人对韩国政府对此次发射的反应感到不满，但也有人表示，在这种情况下，他们宁愿官员谨慎为上。45岁的李在熙（音）说：“这样做了然后遭到批评，总比什么都没做而遭到批评要好。”
After he saw the alert, Mr. Lee said he saw a news report that it was about the space launch the North had warned it would conduct and fell back asleep. “If you’re hearing buildings blow up and things roaring, it’s probably too late to go anywhere anyway,” he said with a shrug.
李在熙说，在看到警报后，他还看到了一篇新闻报道，内容是朝鲜警告将进行太空发射，之后他又睡着了。“如果你听到建筑物爆炸和轰鸣声，那么现在去任何地方都可能为时已晚，”他耸耸肩说。
South Korea regularly conducted civil defense drills during the Cold War, with sirens wailing and megaphones urging people to take shelter in subway stations, underground parking lots and basements of large buildings. Streets were vacated of traffic.
韩国在冷战期间定期进行民防演习，警笛呼啸，扩音器敦促人们在地铁站、地下停车场和大型建筑物的地下室避难。街道上没有车辆。
The country now has thousands of underground shelters for emergencies.
该国现在有数以千计的地下紧急避难所。本月早些时候，韩国政府官员在首尔举行的民防演习中。 Jung Yeon-Je/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
But those drills have become a distant memory for many across the country, particularly after Seoul began to engage in more diplomacy with North Korea under Mr. Yoon’s predecessor, Moon Jae-in. South Korea last conducted an air-raid drill in 2017.
但这些演习已成为许多韩国人的遥远记忆，尤其是首尔在尹锡悦的前任文在寅领导下开始更多地与朝鲜进行外交之后。韩国上一次进行空袭演习是在2017年。
As tensions in the region rise, Mr. Yoon’s government has been slow to reintroduce civil defense drills. On May 16, South Korea conducted its first nationwide civil defense exercise in six years, but it was limited to public servants and schoolchildren.
随着该地区紧张局势的加剧，尹锡悦的政府在重新启动民防演习方面行动迟缓。5月16日，韩国举行了六年来首次全国民防演习，但仅限公务员和学童参加。
Jeung Yeon-cheon, 36, who lives on the 18th floor of an apartment building in Seoul, said he participated in the May training, though he thought that any risk of a North Korean attack felt remote. He quickly dismissed the alarm on Wednesday as a blip.
36岁的曾延川（音）住在首尔一座公寓楼的18层，他说他参加了5月的演习，但他认为朝鲜袭击的风险感觉很遥远。他很快就认为周三的警报不是什么大事。
“It didn’t feel that serious,” he said.
“感觉没那么严重，”他说。