周二莫斯科发生无人机袭击，人们在检查一栋公寓楼受损的外墙。 Kirill Kudryavtsev/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesA barrage of attack drones were downed over Moscow on Tuesday, the first time civilian areas of the Russian capital have been touched directly by the Ukrainian conflict and a signal that a distant war may soon begin to feel somewhat less so for ordinary Russians.
周二，莫斯科上空大量攻击无人机被击落，这是俄罗斯首都平民生活区首次受到乌克兰冲突的直接影响，这表明对普通俄罗斯人来说，这场战争还十分遥远的感觉将会产生改变。
The physical damage was minimal, limited to shattered apartment windows and some minor injuries in an upscale neighborhood, but the psychological impact may prove far bigger for a citizenry that to date has been able to go about daily life with little thought for the bloodshed taking place over the border.
无人机的攻击并未造成多少损失，仅影响到一个高档社区，一些窗户碎裂，一些人受了轻伤。但对市民的心理可能早成了远比过去深远的影响，在这以前，他们一直过着正常的生活，没怎么想过边境以外的流血。
“If the goal was to stress the population, then the very fact that drones have appeared in the skies over Moscow has contributed to that,” wrote one pro-war Russian blogger, Mikhail Zvinchuk, who posts under the name Rybar.
“如果目标是给民众带来压力，那么莫斯科上空出现无人机这一事实本身就促成了这一点，”支持战争的俄罗斯博主米哈伊尔·兹温丘克以网名Rybar发帖写道。
The drones, numbering at least eight, came as Russia has been engaged in a particularly sustained aerial assault on Ukraine’s own capital, Kyiv. And while President Vladimir V. Putin blamed Ukraine for what he branded “terrorist activity,” no one was killed in Moscow on Tuesday. The same could not be said for Kyiv, where one person died in the Russian attacks.
此次出现的无人机至少有八架，是在俄罗斯对乌克兰首都基辅进行格外猛烈的空袭之际出现的。尽管总统普京将他称为“恐怖主义活动”的行为归咎于乌克兰，周二在莫斯科没有人丧生。基辅的情况就不同了，有一人在俄罗斯的袭击中丧生。
Mykhailo Podolyak, an adviser to President Volodymyr Zelensky, said Ukraine had not been “directly involved” in the attack but was “happy” to watch the events taking place across the border. A spokesman for its air force, which typically maintains a policy of strategic ambiguity over attacks on Russian soil, declined to comment.
乌克兰总统泽连斯基的顾问米哈伊洛·波多利亚克表示，乌克兰并未“直接参与”此次袭击，但“很高兴”看到边境另一边发生的事件。乌克兰空军发言人拒绝置评，军方通常对袭击俄罗斯领土保持战略模糊的姿态。
Russian officials and Ukrainian allies alike appeared to be choosing their words carefully in responding to the attack.
俄罗斯官员和乌克兰盟友在回应袭击时似乎都在谨慎选择措辞。
While the United States has flooded Ukraine with military equipment since the war began in February 2022, American officials have made clear that they do not want it used to hit Russian territory, lest the conflict escalate.
自2022年2月战争开始以来，美国向乌克兰大量运送军事装备，但美国官员明确表示，他们不希望这些装备被用来袭击俄罗斯领土，以免冲突升级。
On Tuesday, they appeared to hedge that position a bit.
周二，他们似乎对这一立场有些闪烁其词。
莫斯科遭无人机袭击后，一栋受损的公寓楼外的调查人员。 Kirill Kudryavtsev/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesThe State Department and the National Security Council both issued statements saying that the United States does not support strikes inside Russia “as a general matter,” but noting that Tuesday marked the 17th time this month that Russia had struck Kyiv.
美国国务院和国家安全委员会均发表声明称，美国“一般情况下”不支持在俄罗斯境内发动袭击，但指出周二是俄罗斯本月第17次袭击基辅。
Britain, another Ukrainian ally, went further.
乌克兰的另一个盟友英国则更进一步。
Its foreign minister, James Cleverly, said that Ukraine had “the right to project force beyond its borders” to undermine Russian attacks and that military targets beyond a nation’s borders are “internationally recognized as being legitimate as part of a nation’s self-defense.” Mr. Cleverly said that he did not have details about the drone attacks and was speaking more generally.
英国外交部长詹姆斯·克莱弗利表示，乌克兰“有权向境外投射武力”，以削弱俄罗斯的攻击，而境外的军事目标“在国际上被认为是国家自卫的合法组成部分”。克莱弗利说他不掌握无人机袭击的详情，只是针对一般情况发言。
In Moscow, where the drone incursion raised questions about Russian air defenses, Kremlin officials sought to dismiss the seriousness of the attack, even while suggesting it would lead to changes.
在莫斯科，无人机入侵引发了对俄罗斯防空系统的质疑，克里姆林宫官员试图否认这次袭击的严重性，尽管同时表示该事件将改变现状。
“It’s clear what needs to be done to increase the density of the capital’s air defense systems,” said Mr. Putin. “And we will do just that.”
“很明显需要做些什么来增加首都防空系统的密度，”普京说。“并且我们会这样做的。”
Still, a ruling party lawmaker, Andrei Gurulev, said people in the city center of Moscow were more likely to be hit by an electric scooter than by a drone. “We didn’t do too badly today,” he told state news media.
不过，执政党议员安德烈·古鲁列夫表示，相比被无人机击中，莫斯科市中心的人们更有可能被电瓶车撞到。“我们今天做得还不错，”他告诉官方新闻媒体。
The Russian Defense Ministry said that five of the drones had been shot down, and that three had their signals jammed electronically.
俄罗斯国防部称击落了五架无人机，并干扰了三架的信号。
When Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine last year, after seizing territory there in 2014, it was expected to win quickly and decisively. Instead, the Ukrainian military made Russia fight for every inch.
俄罗斯在2014年夺取乌克兰部分领土，并于去年全面入侵该国，人们预计它会迅速而果断地获胜。相反，乌克兰军队让俄罗斯寸步难行。
Now, more than a year after Russian tanks rolled into Ukraine, a series of embarrassing attacks on Russian soil have shown that even at home the Russians can be vulnerable.
现在，在俄罗斯坦克开进乌克兰一年多之后，在俄罗斯领土上发生的一系列令人尴尬的袭击表明，即使在国内，俄罗斯人也很容易受到伤害。
周二，一栋受损建筑旁的围观者。 Associated PressUkraine has staged a brazen drone assault on military air bases deep inside Russia. A drone also hit an oil facility near an airfield in the Russian province of Kursk. And earlier this month, drones exploded over the Kremlin, an assault that U.S. officials said was most likely carried out by one of Kyiv’s special military or intelligence units.
乌克兰对俄罗斯腹地的空军基地大肆进行无人机袭击。一架无人机还袭击了俄罗斯库尔斯克省一个机场附近的石油设施。本月早些时候，无人机在克里姆林宫上空爆炸，美国官员称这次袭击很可能是由基辅某特种部队或情报部门发动的。
And just last week, a cross-border assault in southern Russia by anti-Kremlin fighters stretched over the course of two days, potentially opening up a new set of battlefield problems. A similar attack was reported on Tuesday.
就在上周，反克里姆林宫武装分子在俄罗斯南部发动了为期两天的越境袭击，可能引发一系列新的战场问题。周二报道了一起类似的袭击事件。
Russia is vulnerable to drone attacks in part because of its size — the border with Ukraine is more than 1,400 miles — but also because its air defense radars are designed to detect aircraft and missiles bigger than drones, said Sam Bendett, an adviser on Russian studies at CNA, a nonprofit research organization based in Virginia.
位于弗吉尼亚州的非营利性研究机构CNA的俄罗斯研究顾问萨姆·本德特表示，俄罗斯容易受到无人机攻击，部分原因是其幅员辽阔——与乌克兰的边界超过2200公里——但也因为其防空雷达旨在探测比无人机更大的飞机和导弹。
Apart from creating a sense of vulnerability in Russia, he said, Ukrainian drone attacks might serve to test Moscow’s air defense systems and identify potential weaknesses that could be exploited in other attacks.
他说，除了在俄罗斯制造易受攻击的感觉外，乌克兰的无人机袭击还可能用于测试莫斯科的防空系统，并找出可其他攻击可以利用的潜在弱点。
Part of the challenge for Russia has been adapting the complex air defense system that encircles Moscow to the threats of a new era.
俄罗斯面临的部分挑战是调整环绕莫斯科的复杂防空系统以应对新时代的威胁。
“Previously, air defense systems near cities would tune out anything smaller than a helicopter,” said Ian Williams of the Missile Defense Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington think tank. “Small drones may have a radar return the size of a goose, so if you tune your radars to look for enemy drones, you’ll also see a lot of birds.”
“以前，城市附近的防空系统会无视任何小于直升机的东西，”华盛顿智库战略与国际研究中心导弹防御项目的伊恩·威廉姆斯说。“小型无人机在雷达上显示的大小可能跟一只鹅差不多，所以如果你调整你的雷达来寻找敌方的无人机，你同时也会看到很多鸟。”
Still, it is unconfirmed that Ukraine was behind Tuesday’s attack, and big questions remain about Ukraine’s drone capabilities
尽管如此，尚未证实是乌克兰在幕后发动了周二的袭击，而且人们对乌克兰的无人机能力仍存很多重要疑问。
Last fall, Ukraine’s state-owned weapons maker, Ukroboronprom, said it was close to developing a drone that could carry a 165-pound warhead more than 600 miles, putting Moscow well within range, and that it had completed tests of the weapon. But Ukraine has not announced the use of such a long-range drone in combat.
去年秋天，乌克兰国有武器制造商乌克兰国防工业(Ukroboronprom)表示即将开发出一种无人机，可以携带165磅（约合74公斤）的战斗部飞行超过960公里，从而将莫斯科纳入打击范围，并且他们已经完成了该武器的测试。但乌克兰并未宣布在战斗中使用这种远程无人机。
And on Tuesday, U.S. defense officials said the next round of weapons sent to Ukraine would include missiles for the Patriot air defense system and more rockets for the HIMARS mobile system. The $300 million military aid package could be announced as soon as Wednesday.
周二，美国国防官员表示，下一轮运往乌克兰的武器将包括用于爱国者防空系统的导弹和更多用于HIMARS移动系统的火箭。三亿美元的军事援助计划最早可能在周三公布。
On Tuesday, the head of the powerful Russian mercenary group Wagner, Yevgeny V. Prigozhin, said the attack highlighted Russia’s technological lag in drone warfare, and renewed his tirade against Russian military officials, whom he has long accused of incompetence.
周二，强大的俄罗斯雇佣军组织瓦格纳的负责人叶夫根尼·普里戈任表示，这次袭击凸显了俄罗斯在无人机战争中的技术落后，并再次长篇大论地指责俄罗斯军方官员，他一向指责他们无能。
“What should common people do when explosives-laden drones are crashing into their windows?” he said in an audio message posted on Telegram, adding: “The people have full right to ask them these questions.”
“当载有炸药的无人机破窗而入时，普通人该怎么办？”他在Telegram上发布的一条音频消息中说，还说：“人们有充分的权利向他们提出这些问题。”
叶夫根尼·V·普里戈任，照片由其公关公司发布。 Concord Press Service, via ReutersMr. Prigozhin noted that some of the drones crashed in the neighborhoods of Russian political and military elites. “Let your homes burn,” he said, referring to military and political elites.
普里戈任指出，一些无人机坠毁在俄罗斯军政要人居住的街区。“让你们的家园燃烧起来，”他说，这里的“你们”指的是那些要人。
Igor Girkin, a former paramilitary leader who had long called for an escalation of the war in Ukraine, said on Telegram, “The strength of the psychological blow caused by the drone attack on Moscow is not in the scale of destruction, but in the fact that the nation’s leadership has promised us not a war, but a special military operation.”
长期以来一直呼吁升级乌克兰战争的前准军事组织领导人伊戈尔·吉尔金在Telegram上表示，“无人机袭击莫斯科造成的心理打击不在于破坏的规模，而在于国家领导人向我们承诺的不是一场战争，而是一次特殊军事行动。”
“Instead of an honest conversation with a nation, we get blurry consolations about Napoleon’s conquest of Moscow: Don’t worry, everything is going to plan,” he said. “What is the real plan then?”
“我们得到的不是与一个国家的诚实对话，而是像拿破仑征服莫斯科后给出的那种模糊安慰：别担心，一切都会按计划进行，”他说。“那真正的计划是什么？”
Tatiana Stanovaya, a Russian political scientist based in Paris, said that a lack of wartime leadership under Mr. Putin was becoming glaring.
身在巴黎的俄罗斯政治学家塔蒂亚娜·斯塔诺瓦亚表示，普京领导下缺乏战时领导能力的问题越来越明显。
“Everything is built on his often voiced idea of a ‘patient nation’ that understands everything and will endure anything,” she wrote on Telegram on Tuesday. “Let’s see.”
“一切都建立在他经常表达的一个‘隐忍国家’的理念之上，这个国家什么都明白，什么都能忍受，”她周二在Telegram上写道。“让我们拭目以待。”
In Ukraine, where incoming drones and missiles are commonplace, some looked at what was happening in Moscow with grim satisfaction.
在无人机和导弹袭击司空见惯的乌克兰，有些人对莫斯科的事幸灾乐祸。
“It is great that they can feel what we feel every day here,” said Samir Memedov, 32, an account manager in Kyiv who has had to take shelter in a subway station during Russian attacks this week.
本周俄罗斯袭击期间，32岁的基辅客户经理萨米尔·梅梅多夫不得不在地铁站避难，他说：“他们能感受到我们每天在这里的感受，这真是太好了。”
Another Kyiv resident, Yulia Honcharova, said she had mixed feelings.
另一位基辅居民尤利娅·洪恰洛娃表示，她的心情很复杂。
“I’m not among those who believe that we should bomb their residential quarters at night,” she said, “but I do want them to feel what it is like to live under constant alarms, like people live in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro.”
“我不认为我们应该在晚上轰炸他们的住宅区，”她说，“但我确实希望他们能感受到警报不断的生活是什么感觉，就像生活在基辅、哈尔科夫、第聂伯罗的人们一样。”
Anatoly Kurmanaev是一名外交记者，报道入侵乌克兰后俄罗斯的变化。欢迎在Twitter上关注他：@akurmanaev。
Ivan Nechepurenko于2015年加入《纽约时报》，负责报道俄罗斯和前苏联加盟共和国的政治、经济、体育和文化议题。他在俄罗斯的圣彼得堡和乌克兰的皮亚季哈基长大。欢迎在Twitter和Facebook上关注他。
Ivan Nechepurenko自2015年一直在时报担任记者，报道俄罗斯和前苏联政治、经济、体育和文化方面的新闻。他在俄罗斯圣彼得堡、乌克兰派特科哈特长大。欢迎在Twitter和Facebook上关注他。
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