在过去一周，国会大厦多次举办有关债务上限谈判的新闻发布会。 Haiyun Jiang for The New York TimesPresident Biden and Speaker Kevin McCarthy reached an agreement on Saturday to raise the debt ceiling while imposing new restraints on federal spending. If approved by Congress, it will end a partisan deadlock and avert a potentially devastating national default.
拜登总统和国会众议院议长麦卡锡周六达成协议，提高债务上限，同时对联邦支出实施新的限制。如果获得国会批准，该协议将结束党派僵局，并避免一场可能极具破坏性的国家违约。
The deal will not only resolve the high-octane dispute over debt and spending issues that has gripped Washington for weeks but also enact important changes in environmental permitting, work requirements for social safety-net programs, and Internal Revenue Service tax enforcement.
该协议不仅将解决困扰华盛顿数周的关于债务和支出问题的激烈争论，还将在环境许可、社会安全网计划的工作要求和国税局税收执法方面做出重大改变。
The accord, described as an agreement in principle that was cemented during a telephone call between Mr. Biden at Camp David and Mr. McCarthy back in Washington, still needs to be translated into formal legislative language before it is deemed final. Details were only beginning to trickle out Saturday night, and many questions remained outstanding.
据称，这是拜登在戴维营与身在华盛顿的麦卡锡通过电话达成的原则性协议，在最终敲定前，仍需要将其转化为正式的立法语言。协议细节从周六晚上开始流出，而许多问题仍然悬而未决。
But here are some takeaways based on the information initially made available.
但根据初步信息，以下是一些协议要点。
The debt ceiling would be increased until 2025, after the next election.
债务上限将提高到2025年，即下次选举后。
The federal government reached the $31.4 trillion debt ceiling set by law in January, but the Treasury Department has been using various accounting tricks to avoid breaching it. Treasury Secretary Janet L. Yellen said on Friday that her department would run out of those measures by June 5, at which point the government would not be able to meet its obligations.
联邦政府在1月达到了法律规定的31.4万亿美元的债务上限，但财政部一直在使用各种会计技巧来避免突破上限。财长耶伦周五表示，到6月5日，她的部门将用尽这些手段，届时政府将无法履行其义务。
The deal sealed by Mr. Biden and Mr. McCarthy would raise the debt ceiling for two years to take it beyond the 2024 election, so neither would have to address the issue again in the current term. Republicans had originally proposed one year. Both sides are banking on winning the 2024 election and being in a stronger political position when the ceiling is reached next time.
拜登和麦卡锡达成的协议将把债务上限提高两年，使其持续到2024年大选之后，因此双方都不必在当前任期内再次处理这个问题。共和党人最初提议一年。双方都寄希望于赢得2024年大选，并在下次达到上限时处于更强大的政治地位。
Domestic spending would be capped, but not as much as Republicans wanted.
国内支出将受到限制，但不会像共和党人想要的那样多。
Mr. McCarthy’s Republicans insisted that any increase in the debt ceiling be conditioned on spending cuts, so the agreement he reached with Mr. Biden would limit certain programs to last the same two years for which the debt ceiling would be raised. Republicans had originally sought a 10-year time frame for spending limits but agreed to the shorter horizon.
麦卡锡的共和党人坚持认为，提高债务上限必须以削减支出为条件，因此在他与拜登达成的协议中，对某些项目的限制将持续两年，与提高债务上限的持续时间相同。共和党人最初寻求10年的支出限制期限，但同意将期限缩短。
The deal holds nondefense spending in 2024 at roughly its 2023 level and increases it by 1 percent in 2025, in part by redirecting funding from other programs. Among other things, the agreement would cut about $10 billion out of the $80 billion that Mr. Biden previously secured to help the I.R.S. go after wealthy tax cheats, and would use that money to preserve domestic programs that otherwise would have been cut.
该协议将2024年的非国防支出大致保持在2023年的水平，并在2025年将其增加1%，这在一定程度上通过重新分配其他项目的资金实现。协议的其他事项还包括，从拜登先前获得的用于帮助美国国税局追查富人逃税行为的800亿美元中削减约100亿美元资金，并用这笔钱来保留本来会被削减的国内项目。
Some of the billions of dollars left over from the Covid-19 pandemic relief package passed shortly after Mr. Biden took office would be clawed back. A New York Times analysis suggests the limits will reduce federal spending overall by about $650 billion over a decade — a fraction of the cuts Republicans originally sought — if spending grows at the anticipated rate of inflation after the caps lift in two years.
拜登上任后不久通过的新冠大流行病救助计划遗留下来的数十亿美元将被部分收回。《纽约时报》的一项分析表明，如果两年后上限解除，支出以预期的通胀率增长，那么这些限制将使联邦支出在十年内减少约6500亿美元——这只是共和党最初寻求削减的一小部分。
Defense, Social Security, Medicare and veterans’ programs would be shielded.
国防、社会保障、医疗保险和退伍军人计划将不受影响。
The agreement would protect the military and entitlements like Social Security and Medicare from spending cuts imposed on other parts of government. It would also fully finance medical care for veterans, including expanded services for those exposed to toxic burn pits.
该协议将保护军队和社会保障和医疗保险等福利不受政府其他部门削减开支的影响。它还将为退伍军人的医疗保健提供全部资金，包括为那些暴露于有毒焚烧坑的人提供更多服务。
The deal would effectively preserve substantial increases won by the Biden administration over the last two years in areas like Title I education funding for low-income students, Child Care and Development Block Grants, cancer research and other priorities of the president. It would leave intact Mr. Biden’s efforts to forgive $400 billion in student loan debt in coming decades, although that faces a challenge in the Supreme Court. But it would include none of the tax increases on the wealthy and corporations that Mr. Biden sought in his original budget proposal.
该协议将有效地保留拜登政府过去两年在多个领域赢得的诸多进展，比如为低收入学生提供的Title I教育资金、儿童保育和发展整笔拨款计划、癌症研究和总统的其他优先事项等。拜登为在未来几十年免除4000亿美元学生贷款债务的努力将不受影响，尽管这在最高法院面临挑战。但该协议不会包括拜登在其最初预算提案中寻求的对富人和企业的增税。
Some recipients of government assistance would face new work requirements.
一些接受政府援助的人将面临新的工作要求。
New work requirements would be imposed on some recipients of government aid, including food stamps and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. Among other things, the agreement would limit how long people under 54 without children could receive food stamps, although those limits would expire in 2030 unless renewed by Congress. The package would also expand food stamp access for veterans and homeless people.
包括食品券和贫困家庭临时援助计划等政府援助的接受者将面临新的工作要求。其中一个是，该协议将限制54岁以下无子女者可以获得食品券的期限，尽管这些限制将在2030年到期，除非国会延长。该计划还将增加退伍军人和无家可归者获得食品券的机会。
Major energy projects would be granted a streamlined review process.
大型能源项目的审批程序将被简化。
Environmental permitting for major energy projects would be streamlined. A single lead agency would be charged with developing a single review document according to a public timeline. The agreement would enact these changes without curtailing the overall scope of the current review process, cutting down the statute of limitations, imposing barriers to standing or taking away injunctive relief or other judicial remedies.
大型能源项目的环境许可将得到简化。单一的牵头机构将负责根据公开的时间表制定一份单一的审查文件。该协议将在不限制当前审查程序的总体范围、不缩短诉讼时效和不设置障碍以维持、取消禁令救济或其他司法补救措施的情况下实施这些变更。
Peter Baker是时报首席白宫记者，为时报和《华盛顿邮报》报道了五位美国总统的新闻。他还著有七本书，最新的一本是与Susan Glasser合著的《The Divider: Trump in the White House, 2017-2021》。欢迎在Twitter和Faceboook上关注他。
翻译：纽约时报中文网
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纳闻|真实新闻与历史–「中英」拜登与麦卡锡达成债务上限初步协议，这里是五大要点